Uses of Zolpid: - Insomnia Insomnia Severe hepatic impairment.

Miscellaneous sedatives & hypnotics

Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine derivative that acts by binding to the benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors of the GABA receptor complex resulting in neuronal hyperpolarisation, action potential inhibition, increased in chloride conductance and decreased in neuronal excitability. It has strong sedative action but only minimal anxiolytic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant properties due to its selectivity for the BZ1-receptor over the BZ2-receptor. Zolpidem has a rapid onset but short duration of hypnotic action.

How to use Zolpidem Tartrate: Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Zolpidem Tartrate is to be taken empty stomach. Administration: Should be taken on an empty stomach. Do not take w/ or immediately after a meal. Adult Dose: Oral Short-term management of insomnia Adult: As immediate release tab: 5-10 mg immediately before bedtime. Max: 10 mg/day. Max duration of treatment: 4 wk including tapering. Elderly: As immediate release tab: 5 mg immediately before bedtime. Max duration of treatment: 4 wk including tapering. Hepatic impairment: As immediate release tab: 5 mg immediately before bedtime. Max duration of treatment: 4 wk including tapering. Severe: Contraindicated. Child Dose: Not recommended Renal Dose: Renal impairment: No dosage adjustment needed.

Flumazenil reverses the sedative/hypnotic effect of zolpidem. Increased depressant effects w/ CNS depressants (e.g. sedatives, antihistamines, alcohol). Additive effect on decreased alertness and psychomotor performance w/ imipramine and chlorpromazine. Increased plasma concentration w/ itraconazole, ketoconazole and other CYP3A4 inhibitors. May decrease plasma concentration w/ CYP3A4 inducers (e.g. carbamazepine). Reduced hypnotic effect w/ rifampicin. Potentially Fatal: Increased risk of prolonged sedation and respiratory depression w/ ritonavir.

Severe hepatic impairment.

Common - Memory loss - Vertigo - Vomiting - Back pain >10% Dizziness (5-12%),Headache (7-19%),Drowsiness (6-15%) 1-10% Allergy (4%),Hallucinations (4%),Myalgia (4%),Sinusitis (4%),Memory disorder (3%),Visual disturbance (3%),Pharyngitis (3%),Lightheadedness (2%),Palpitation (2%),Rash (2%),Constipation (2%),Depression (2%),Drowsiness (2%),Asthenia (1%),Diarrhea (1%),Dry mouth (1%),Flu-like symptoms (1%) Potentially Fatal: Hepatitis, anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, sleep-driving (driving while not fully awake after drug intake, w/ no recollection of the event).

Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.

Precaution: Obstructive sleep apnoea, myasthenia gravis, compromised respiratory function. Patients exhibiting symptoms of depression. History of drug or alcohol abuse. Avoid abrupt withdrawal and rapid dose reduction after prolonged therapy. Re-evaluate if insomnia fail to remit after 7-10 days as this may indicate the presence of underlying psychiatric and/or medical condition. Pregnancy, lactation, childn <18 yr. Patient Counseling Patients should be warned about performing activities involving mental alertness or physical coordination after drug intake. Lactation: Very low amounts secreted in breast milk; effect on infant unknown; use caution; advise mother to observe breastfeeding infant for lethargy, increased sedation, and changes in feeding habits

Symptoms: Drowsiness, impairment of consciousness from somnolence to coma, compromised CV and respiratory function. Management: Treatment is largely symptomatic and supportive. IV fluids should be administered as needed. Activated charcoal may be given if presented w/in 1 hr of ingestion of >1 mg/kg zolpidem in adults or childn. Gastric lavage may be considered if presented w/in 1 hr of ingestion of >100 mg zolpidem and monitor for at least 12 hr. Flumazenil may be used if there is severe CNS depression, but generally not needed. Haemodialysis is unlikely to be useful.

Store between 20-25° C.

Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine derivative that acts by binding to the benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors of the GABA receptor complex resulting in neuronal hyperpolarisation, action potential inhibition, increased in chloride conductance and decreased in neuronal excitability. It has strong sedative action but only minimal anxiolytic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant properties due to its selectivity for the BZ1-receptor over the BZ2-receptor. Zolpidem has a rapid onset but short duration of hypnotic action.