Beriberi and Wernick's encephalopathy, neuritis associated with pregnancy and pellagra. Hypersensitivity

Vitamin-B preparations

Thiamine, in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate, is the coenzyme for decarboxylation of α-ketoglutaric acid. Thiamine deficiency affects the peripheral nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, and the cardiovascular system. This vitamin is necessary for the optimal growth of infants and children. Thiamine is not stored in the body, and is regularly lost from tissues during short periods of deficiency. In order to maintain normal health, an adequate amount of thiamine is required every day. Deficiency of thiamine leads to fatigue, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbance, tachycardia, irritability and neurological symptoms. Beriberi, a disease due to vitamin B1 deficiency, is common in alcoholics, in pregnant women receiving an inadequate diet, and in people with malabsorption syndrome, prolonged diarrhoea and hepatic disease.Thiamine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and widely distributed throughout the body. Thiamine is rapidly absorbed from the upper small intestine. Thiamine is not stored in the body to any appreciable extent. Excess ingested thiamine appears in urine as intact thiamine or as pyrimidine, which arises from degradation of the thiamine molecule. The plasma half life of thiamine is 24 hours.

Administration: Should be taken with food. Adult Dose: Treatment and prophylaxis of mild chronic thiamine deficiency Adult: 10-25 mg daily in single or divided doses. Thiamine deficiency Adult: 1 tablet (100mg) daily, up to 300 mg daily. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Adult: Initially, 100 mg by slow IV Inj over 10 min, then 50-100 mg/day IM or IV until the patient can take oral thiamine. Child Dose: Thiamine deficiency 10-50 mg/day PO in divided doses Beriberi 10-25 mg IV/IM qDay (if crtically ill) or 10-50 mg/dose PO qDay for at least 2 weeks, THEN 5-10 mg/day PO for 1 month

May enhance the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents.

Hypersensitivity

IV: Warm sensation, tingling, pruritus, pain, urticaria, weakness, sweating, nausea, restlessness, tightness of the throat, angioedema, respiratory distress, cyanosis, pulmonary oedema, GI bleeding, transient vasodilation and hypotension, vascular collapse. IM: Tenderness and induration. Potentially Fatal: Very rarely, fatal anaphylactic shock.

The drug may be given safely to neonates, children, pregnant and lactating women and elderly patients.

Precaution: Parenteral admin. Increased daily requirements in pregnancy and lactation.

Thiamine injection should be protected from light and moisture.

Vitamin-B preparations

Thiamine, a water soluble vitamin, combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate, an essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.

The drug may be given safely to neonates, children, pregnant and lactating women and elderly patients.