Uses of Theofil: - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - Asthma Asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Bronchospasm, Apnoea of prematurity Hypersensitivity to xanthine derivatives, porphyria.

Bronchodilator, Theophylline & related drugs

Theophylline is a bronchodilator, structurally classified as a Methylxanthine. Theophylline has two distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli. Theophylline also increases the force of contraction of diaphragmatic muscles. The half-life of Theophylline is influenced by a number of known variables. In adult nonsmokers with uncomplicated asthma the half-life ranges from 3 to 9 hours

How to use Theophylline: Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Theophylline is to be taken with food. Administration: May be taken with or without food, at least 1 hour before or 2 hour after meal. Adult Dose: Oral Acute Asthma Loading Dose: 5 mg/kg loading dose (patient not receiving theophylline or aminophylline). Maintenance of Asthma, COPD General Dosing Recommendations The dose of theophylline must be individualized on the basis of peak serum theophylline concentration measurements in order to achieve a dose that will provide maximum potential benefit with minimal risk of adverse effects. Maintenance Dose: 10-16/mg/kg/day Adult: Starting Dose: 300-400mg/day once or twice daily. After 3 days if tolerated, increase dose to 400-600mg/day once or twice dialy. Max: 600mg/day Adult: As SR/CR Cap or Tab, 200/300 mg: One tablet/capsule every 12 hourly. As 400mg tablet/capsule One tab/cap is once daily in the evening. Elderly: Lower doses should be used. Hepatic impairment: Reduce dose. Child Dose: Oral Acute Asthma Loading Dose: 5 mg/kg loading dose If no theophylline has been administered in the previous 24 hours 2.5 mg/kg loading dose If theophylline has been administered in the previous 24 hours Maintenance of Asthma General Dosing Recommendations The dose of theophylline must be individualized on the basis of peak serum theophylline concentration measurements in order to achieve a dose that will provide maximum potential benefit with minimal risk of adverse effects. Maintenance Dose: Child 1.5-6 months: 10 mg/kg/day PO in divided doses 6-12 months: 12-18 mg/kg/day PO in divided doses 1-9 years: 8 mg/kg PO (extended release) q8hr 9-12 years: 6.4 mg/kg PO (extended release) q8hr 12-16 years: 5.6 mg/kg PO (extended release) q8hr Child 1-15 years <45 kg: Starting Dose: 12-14 mg/kg/day up to a maximum of 300 mg/day After 3 days if tolerated, increase dose to 16 mg/kg/day up to a maximum of 400 mg/day administration. After more days, if tolerated, and if needed increase dose to 20 mg/kg/day up to a maximum of 600 mg/day Child 1-15 years >45 kg: Starting Dose: 300-400mg/day once or twice daily. After 3 days if tolerated, increase dose to 400-600mg/day once or twice dialy. Max: 600mg/day

Increased plasma concentrations w/ allopurinol, some antiarrhythmics, cimetidine, disulfiram, fluvoxamine, interferon alfa, macrolide antibiotics, quinolones, OCs, tiabendazole, viloxazine, Ca channel blockers. Reduced plasma concentrations w/ phenytoin and other antiepileptics, ritonavir, rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone, aminoglutethimide, barbiturates, carbamazepine. Enhanced lithium excretion. May potentiate hypokalaemia w/ corticosteroids and diuretics. Risk of synergistic toxicity when given w/ halothane or ketamine. May antagonise effects of adenosine and competitive neuromuscular blockers. Increased bronchospasm w/ β-blockers.

Hypersensitivity to xanthine derivatives, porphyria.

Common - Upset stomach - Vomiting - Headache - Nausea - Restlessness Nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, abdominal cramps, anorexia, diarrhoea, haematemesis; headache, irritability, restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, reflex hyperexcitability, seizures; palpitations, sinus tachycardia, extrasystoles, increased pulse rate, flushing, circulatory failure, hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias; transient increase in urinary frequency, dehydration, twitching of fingers and hands, tachypnoea, elevated serum AST concentrations. Potentially Fatal: Convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, severe hypotension or cardiac arrest.

It is not known whether Theophylline can cause foetal harm when administered to pregnant woman. Xanthines should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. Theophylline is excreted into breast milk and may cause irritability or other signs of mild toxicity in nursing human infants. Serious adverse effects in the infant are unlikely unless the mother has toxic serum Theophylline concentrations.

Precaution: Patient w/ peptic ulceration, hyperthyroidism, DM, glaucoma, severe hypoxemia, epilepsy, HTN, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias or other CV disease, acute febrile illness, COPD, cor pulmonale; smokers. Hepatic or renal impairment. Elderly and childn. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Monitor heart rate, CNS effects, resp rate, arterial or capillary blood gases, theophylline levels. Lactation: Theophylline is excreted into breast milk and may cause irritability or other signs of mild toxicity in nursing human infants; serious adverse effects in infant are unlikely unless mother has toxic serum theophylline concentration

Keep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.

Bronchodilator, Theophylline & related drugs

Theophylline competitively blocks phosphodiesterase which increases cAMP tissue concentrations causing bronchodilatation, diuresis, CNS and cardiac stimulation, and gastric acid secretion.

It is not known whether Theophylline can cause foetal harm when administered to pregnant woman. Xanthines should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. Theophylline is excreted into breast milk and may cause irritability or other signs of mild toxicity in nursing human infants. Serious adverse effects in the infant are unlikely unless the mother has toxic serum Theophylline concentrations.