Resp distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. None known.

Cholagogues, Cholelitholytics & Hepatic Protectors, Pulmonary surfactants

Endogenous pulmonary surfactant lowers surface tension on alveolar surfaces during respiration and stabilizes the alveoli against collapse at resting transpulmonary pressures. Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. Phospholipid replenishes surfactant and restores surface activity to the lungs of these infants.In vitro, Phospholipid reproducibly lowers minimum surface tension to less than 8 dynes/cm on the pulsating bubble surfactometer and Wilhelmy Surface Balance.In vivo, single Phospholipid doses improve lung pressure-volume measurements,  lung compliance, and oxygenation in premature rabbit and sheep.

Child Dose: Prevention in premature infant <1250 g birthwt or w/ evidence of surfactant deficiency Preferably w/in 15 mins of birth. Rescue Preferably by 8 hr of age. 4 mL/kg birth wt(100 mg of phospholipids/kg birth wt) intratracheally up to 4 doses in 1st 48 hr. Doses should not be given more frequently than 6 hrly. To be administered as soon as possible.

None known.

Transient bradycardia. O2 desaturation, endotracheal tube reflux & blockage, pallor, vasoconstriction, hypotension, HTN, hypocarbia, hypercarbia & apnea.

Category not classified

Precaution: Infants <600 g birth wt. For intratracheal use only.

Overdosage with Phospholipids has not been reported. Based on animal data, overdosage might result in acute airway obstruction. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Rales and moist breath sounds can transiently occur after Phospholipids is given, and do not indicate overdosage. Endotracheal suctioning or other remedial action is not required unless clear-cut signs of airway obstruction are present.

Store unopened vials at refrigeration temperature (2-8°C). Protect from light. Store vials in carton until ready for use. Vials are for single use only.  Upon opening, discard unused drug.

Cholagogues, Cholelitholytics & Hepatic Protectors, Pulmonary surfactants

Natural bovine pulmonary surfactant; replaces deficient endogenous lung surfactant in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing during expiration by lowering surface tension between alveolar surfaces and air.