Uses of Monopen: - Bacterial infections - Syphilis - Prevention of rheumatic fever Meningitis, Anthrax, Community-acquired pneumonia, Bacterial endocarditis, Septicemia, Diphtheria, Syphilis, Cellulitis, Infective endocarditis, Gonorrhea, Aspiration pneumonia, Lung abscess, Septic Arthritis, Gangrene, Meningococcal meningitis, Pneumococcal meningitis, Botulism Hypersensitivity to penicillins.

Benzylpenicillin & Phenoxymethyl penicillin

Benzylpenicillin has a bactericidal action against gram positive bacteria, gram negative cocci, some other gram negative cross-linking stage of peptidoglycan production through binding and inactivation of transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is inhibited by penicillinase and other β-lactamases.

How to use Benzyl Penicillin: Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Benzyl Penicillin may be taken with or without food, but it is better to take it at a fixed time. Administration: IM Administration Do not inject near artery or nerve (may result in permanent neurologic damage) Neonates, infants, small children: Midlateral aspect of thigh preferable Older children and adults: Deep IM injection in upper outer quadrant of buttock Because of high concentration of suspended matter, needle may be blocked if injection is not made at slow, steady rate Reconstitution: Loosen the powd, then, hold the vial horizontally and rotate it while slowly directing the stream of diluent against the wall of the vial. Shake the vial vigorously after all the diluent has been added. Depending on the route of admin, reconstitute w/ sterile water for inj, NaCl 0.9% inj or dextrose 5% inj. Adult Dose: Adult: IV Bacterial endocarditis W/ aminoglycoside: 1.2 g 4 hrly. Intrapartum prophylaxis against group B streptococcal infection Initial: 3 g, then 1.5 g 4 hrly until delivery. Meningococcal meningitis; Pneumococcal meningitis 2.4 g 4 hrly. Up to 18 g/day in meningococcal meningitis. IV/IM Susceptible infections 0.6-4.8 g/day in divided doses. Child Dose: Infant & Children: Bacterial Infection IV, IM 100,000–250,000 U/kg/day q4–6h Max daily dose is 24 million U. Renal Dose: Renal impairment: Dosing interval should be no more frequent than every 8-10 hr.

Probenecid Increases and prolongs serum penicillin levels. Tetracycline May antagonize the bactericidal effect of penicillin.

Hypersensitivity to penicillins.

Common - Rash - Vomiting - Allergic reaction - Nausea - Diarrhea Hypersensitivity reactions including uticaria; fever; joint pains; rashes; angioedema; serum sickness-like reactions; haemolytic anaemia; interstitial nephritis; neutropenia; thrombocytopenia; CNS toxicity including convulsions; diarrhoea; antibiotic-associated colitis. Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis.

Pregnancy category B. Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester.Lactation: Monitor electrolyte, hepatic, renal, cardiac and haematologic function; signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis during 1st dose.

Precaution: Very high doses in poor renal function (risk of neurotoxicity) or heart failure. Avoid contact, skin sensitization may occur. Monitor serum potassium concentration, renal and haematological status. Spirochete infections particularly syphilis; suprainfection with penicillin-resistant organisms with prolonged use; avoid intrathecal route. Lactation: Excreted into breast milk, caution advised

Symptoms: Agitation, confusion, asterixis, hallucinations, stupor, coma, multifocal myoclonus, seizures and encephalopathy, hyperkalaemia. Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Store between 20-25°C. Reconstituted soln: Store between 2-8°C.

Benzylpenicillin & Phenoxymethyl penicillin

Benzylpenicillin has a bactericidal action against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative cocci, some other gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes and actinomycetes. It inhibits final cross-linking stage of peptidoglycan production through binding and inactivation of transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is inhibited by penicillinase and other beta-lactamases.

Pregnancy Category: B Lactation: Excreted into breast milk, caution advised