Uses of Hypnoclone: - Insomnia Insomnia Myasthenia gravis; respiratory failure; severe sleep apnoea syndrome; severe hepatic impairment; pregnancy, lactation.

Miscellaneous sedatives & hypnotics

Zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone derivative, is a short-acting hypnotic agent. This is structurally unrelated to existing hypnotics. However, the pharmacological profile of Zopiclone is similar to that of the benzodiazepines. Zopiclone pharmacological properties are: hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-convulsant, muscle-relaxant. These effects are related to a specific agonist action at central receptors belonging to the GABAA macromolecular complex, modulating the opening of the chloride ion channel.

How to use Zopiclone: Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Zopiclone is to be taken empty stomach. Administration: May be taken with or without food. Adult Dose: Oral Short-term management of insomnia Adult: 7.5 mg at bedtime. Elderly: Initially, 3.75 mg at bedtime. Hepatic impairment: Mild to moderate: Initially 3.75 mg at bedtime. Severe: Contraindicated. Child Dose: Child: Not recommended. Renal Dose: Renal impairment: Initiate at 3.75 mg at bedtime.

Reduced hypnotic effect with phenytoin and carbamazepine. Increased drowsiness and incoordination with TCAs. Increased CNS depressant effect with alcohol and other CNS depressants. Decreased zopiclone concentration with rifampicin. Possible increase in zopiclone concentration with CYP3A4 inhibitors e.g. erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir.

Myasthenia gravis; respiratory failure; severe sleep apnoea syndrome; severe hepatic impairment; pregnancy, lactation.

Common - Metallic taste Metallic or bitter aftertaste; irritability, confusion, depressed mood, aggressiveness, incoordination, anterograde amnesia, mild increase in LFTs, drowsiness, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, urticaria, rashes.

Do no take Zopiclone at anytime during pregnancy, it may affect the developing baby. Zopiclone passes into breast milk. Therefore, if you are breast feeding, this medicine should be avoided. Your doctor will discuss this with you

Precaution: Hepatic and renal insufficiency; elderly; psychiatric disorders; history of drug abuse. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Limit treatment duration to <4 wk to minimise risk of dependence and tolerance. Avoid abrupt discontinuation of therapy.

Overdose is usually manifested by varying degrees of central nervous system depression ranging from drowsiness to coma according to the quantity ingested. In mild cases, symptoms include drowsiness, confusion, and lethargy; in more severe cases, symptoms may include ataxia, hypotonia, hypotension, methaemoglobinaemia, respiratory depression, and coma. Overdose should not be life threatening unless combined with other CNS depressants, including alcohol. Other risk factors, such as the presence of concomitant illness and the debilitated state of the patient, may contribute to the severity of symptoms and very rarely can result in fatal outcome. Symptomatic and supportive treatment in adequate clinical environment is recommended, attention should be paid to respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Gastric lavage or activated charcoal is only useful when performed soon after ingestion.

Store in a dry place, at room temperature (15°C to 30°C). Protect from light. Keep in a safe place out of reach of children.

Zopiclone is a cyclopyrrolone derivative with hypnotic and sedative actions, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant properties similar to benzodiazepines. It binds to a site in the GABA-A-benzodiazepine-chloride channel macromolecular-receptor complex which is different from that of the benzodiazepine binding site.