Uses of Actine: - Type 2 diabetes mellitus Type 2 DM Hypersensitivity. Type 1 DM; ketoacidosis; severe renal or hepatic insufficiency. Pregnancy, lactation.

Sulfonylureas

Glipizide lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells. The extrapancreatic effects of Glipizide are increase in insulin sensitivity and decrease in hepatic glucose production.

How to use Glipizide: Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Glipizide is to be taken empty stomach. Administration: Immediate-release: Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take ½ hr before meals. Extended-release: Should be taken with food. Swallow whole, do not chew/crush/divide. Adult Dose: Oral Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adult: Initially, 2.5-5 mg daily as a single dose. Adjust at intervals of several days in increments of 2.5-5 mg daily. Doses >15 mg may be given in 2 divided doses. Max: 40 mg daily. Extended-release tablets Initial: 5 mg/day PO given with breakfast; dose adjustment based on blood glucose should not be done more frequently than every 7 days Maintenance range: 5-10 mg PO qDay; not to exceed 20 mg/day Elderly: 2.5 mg PO qDay initially; increase by 2.5-5 mg/day every 1-2 weeks as determined by blood glucose response at intervals of several days May switch to extended release once daily tablets at the nearest equivalent total daily dose or lower end of recommended range; not to exceed 20 mg/day Hepatic impairment: 2.5 mg PO qDay initially (immediate release); extended release not studied Severe: Contraindicated. Child Dose: Safety and efficacy not established Renal Dose: Renal impairment: Not studied; if GFR <50 mL/min, may decrease dose by 50% Severe: Contraindicated.

Increased plasma concentration w/ certain antifungals (e.g. miconazole, fluconazole). Protein-bound drugs (e.g. NSAIDs, other sulfonamides, oral anticoagulants, hydantoins), probenecid, MAOIs, and chloramphenicol may potentiate hypoglycaemic action of glipizide. Diminished therapeutic effect w/ thiazides, other diuretics, phenothiazines, thyroid agents, oestrogens, OC, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, Ca channel blockers, rifampicin and isoniazid. Concomitant use w/ beta-blockers may impair glucose tolerance, increase frequency or severity of hypoglycaemia and block hypoglycaemia-induced tachycardia. Decreased serum concentration w/ colesevelam.

Hypersensitivity. Type 1 DM; ketoacidosis; severe renal or hepatic insufficiency. Pregnancy, lactation.

Common - Dizziness - Diarrhea - Nervousness - Tremor - Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) - Flatulence GI upsets, diarrhoea, nausea; allergic skin reactions, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hyponatraemia; jaundice; haemolytic anaemia, pancytopenia. Potentially Fatal: Hypoglycaemia in presence of renal or hepatic damage and alcohol.

Pregnancy: Glipizide should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. Prolonged severe hypoglycaemia (4-10 days) has been reported in neonates born to mothers who were receiving sulphonylurea (e.g., Glipizide) at the time of delivery. So, if Glipizide is used during pregnancy, it should be discontinued at least one month before the expected delivery date.Lactation: Although it is not known whether Glipizide is excreted in human milk, some sulphonylurea drugs are known to be so. Breast feeding is not therefore recommended while taking this medication.

Precaution: Hypoglycaemia, stress, elderly. Thyroid impairment; moderate hepatic or renal impairment. Monitor blood glucose concentration. Lactation: Not known if crosses into breast milk; not recommended

There is no well-documented experience with Glipizide tablets overdosage in humans.

The tablets should be protected from moisture and humidity and stored at room temperature (below 30° C).

Sulfonylureas

Glipizide stimulates insulin release from pancreatic ?-cells and reduces glucose output from the liver. It also increases insulin sensitivity at peripheral target sites.

Pregnancy: Glipizide should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. Prolonged severe hypoglycaemia (4-10 days) has been reported in neonates born to mothers who were receiving sulphonylurea (e.g., Glipizide) at the time of delivery. So, if Glipizide is used during pregnancy, it should be discontinued at least one month before the expected delivery date.Lactation: Although it is not known whether Glipizide is excreted in human milk, some sulphonylurea drugs are known to be so. Breast feeding is not therefore recommended while taking this medication.